Monkeypox (mpox) is a new problem on a global scale for humanity.

Purpose - to draw attention to an infection that was little known, but has now become a global problem for society;to familiarize readers with the peculiarities of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak and to increase the level of alertness of doctors to this disease. Monkeypox is a global problem because the disease is spreading rapidly, covering 111 countries. Three cases were diagnosed in Ukraine. It is predominantly a self-limited infection, but there are severe and deadly complications. The lethality of this disease ranges from 0% to 11%. The course of the disease is more severe in children and people with reduced immunity. Vertical transmission of the virus from mother to child is possible, resulting in congenital monkeypox. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease and its natural reservoir is not exactly known, but rodents are most likely to act. In most cases, person-to-person transmission of the virus occurs through close skin to skin contact, often during sexual intercourse. At the beginning of the outbreak 98% of cases of disease were was diagnosed in homo- and bisexuals. Airborne transmission is also possible. Infection is possible through close contact with infectious skin lesions. Clinically, the initial period resembles influenza, but lymphadenopathy is characteristic, which is considered a pathognomonic symptom of mpox. The rash is similar to that of chickenpox, but with more prevalent location on palms and soles than in chickenpox. In the presence of a vesicular rash in a patient, it is necessary to exclude monkeypox. PCR diagnostics of the virus in samples of vesicles or crusts has the greatest diagnostic value. Hygienic skin care is important. Antiviral drugs (tecovirimat, brincidofovir) are recommended only in severe cases. To reduce the spread of infection, international rules apply as for other infections, such as COVID-19. The monkeypox virus vaccine is recommended primarily for groups at risk of infection, including medical personnel who may come into contact with the patient or samples for laboratory testing. Being aware for this infection, following international health regulations, it is possible to prevent the further spread of monkeypox.Copyright © 2023 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

Challenges in the treatment and prevention of monkeypox infection; A comprehensive review.

Human monkeypox (HMPX) is a zoonotic disease, literally meaning that it can be passed on from animals (non-primate) to human (primate). All the reported and recorded cases have been traced back either to international travel or import of African animals. In the Unites states, sporadic monkeypox cases have been reported in specific over the past 50 years, starting its first identification in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C.) in 1970. Due to its extreme versatility, this disease poses threat as a serious public health issue that needs to be monitored, researched and prevented. Data indicate that prior immunization with the smallpox vaccine is beneficial and may provide protection against the monkeypox virus. JYNNEOSTM is a live viral vaccine that has been approved to improve clinical manifestations of the infection. On the other hand, public ignorance about safety precaution towards monkeypox post-COVID is another challenge that needs to be overcome in tackling HMPX as a possible re-emergent infection. This review is a collation of the epidemiology, etiology, transmission, clinical features and treatment of human monkeypox (HMPX).

A Review on Recent Monkey Pox Outbreak in 2022

Monkey pox, a zoonotic disease with clinical symptoms resembling smallpox, unexpectedly broke out and spread over the world after the outbreak of COVID-19, severely affecting several of the continents of the world. Monkey pox is currently a member of the genus otrhopox virus, which is a member of the sub family chorodoxvirinae. According to the available knowledge, small mammals and rodents have all been identified as potential sources of the monkey [ox virus]. The disease is characterized by a short febrile illness with lymphadenopathy followed by a rash which spreads centrifugally and passes through phases of macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules. Recovery occurs in most patients within 2-4 wk. Complications are more likely in children, pregnant women, and the immunocompromised. Specific diagnosis is by detection of viral DNA by PCR.Tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofoviir are the medications used to treat monkey pox, immunoglobulin and new compounds are the vaccinations. This review will introduce a general overview of MPXV and describe the epidemiology, clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of monkey pox patients.Copyright © Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Human Monkeypox Virus (hMPXV) Remerges-Another Global Health Concern during the COVID-19 Disaster

The increase in human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) cases amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has raised fear among the general public. The monkeypox virus and the now-extinct smallpox virus belong to the orthopox family of viruses. Although first discovered in 1958, Monkeypox was only well recognized outside the sub-Saharan African countries until the world experienced a monkeypox pandemic in May 2022. The virus is common in some areas of Africa and is often spread through close contact with an infected person or animal. However, recent international trade, travel, and tourism developments have caused viral outbreaks outside Africa. The most recent pandemic in 2022 has been strange because epidemiologists have not found a link between cases and the virus's ability to spread through sexual contact. The structural and pathogenic activities of the virus that attack host cells need to be better understood. Because of this, it is important to know how viruses and the immune system work together to develop effective ways to treat and prevent diseases. To summarize existing research on Monkeypox, we conducted a narrative review using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, and Scopus databases to look at simultaneous zoonotic pandemics caused by the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 coronavirus and presented the most to date information on the symptoms, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Monkeypox. However, more research on epidemiological details, ecology, and virus biology in endemic areas is required to understand the virus better and prevent further human infection. This short review discusses the research results that have already been published about how the monkeypox virus affects humans. © 2023, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. All rights reserved.

A eulogy for Dr Francisco Miguel Marty Forero.

As some of those who were lucky enough to have been mentored by Dr Francisco Marty in transplant infectious diseases, we stand with the larger medical community in mourning his untimely death and in commemorating him as a uniquely exceptional and talented physician, investigator, teacher, mentor, friend, artist, and human being.

Molecular docking suggests repurposing of brincidofovir as a potential drug targeting SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor and main protease.

ABSTRACT: The current outbreak of the highly transmittable and life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved rapidly and posed a global health emergency. Many clinical trials are now being conducted to test possible therapies. To assist this, virtual screening via molecular docking was performed on several FDA-approved drugs, previously used in epidemics, and the top ten compounds were selected. These ten well-characterized drugs, previously used to treat malaria and Ebola infections, were screened based on their interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor and 3C-like protease. Compared to the other nine medicines, brincidofovir, an ether lipid ester analog of cidofovir with potent antiviral activity, showed the highest docking scores and binding interactions. Therefore, brincidofovir is worth further investigations and clinical trials as a possible therapeutic agent for the COVID-19 disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2.